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Biological invasions represent a major driver of biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruption in the Anthropocene, intensified by globalization, climate change, and expanding trade networks. This article synthesizes the foundational concepts, definitions, and theoretical frameworks underpinning invasion biology, tracing its historical development from early natural history observations to a modern, interdisciplinary scientific field. Key ecological and evolutionary hypotheses explaining invasion success—including enemy release, novel weapons, resource fluctuation, and phenotypic plasticity—are critically examined alongside emerging genetic and genomic insights. Particular emphasis is placed on introduction pathways, both natural and human-mediated, and their interaction with environmental change. Advances in molecular tools, population genetics, and epigenetics are highlighted as transformative for invasion detection, risk assessment, and management strategies. By integrating conceptual theory with applied perspectives, this review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding invasion dynamics and informing effective prevention and control efforts.

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Volume & Issue

Vol 1 • Issue 1

Issue Title

June 2026